diff --git a/docker-exec-via-sock.sh b/docker-exec-via-sock.sh
index dc3c20d..e6d0062 100644
--- a/docker-exec-via-sock.sh
+++ b/docker-exec-via-sock.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ set -eu
 # 示例: ./docker-exec-via-sock.sh --container=my-container --cmd="ls -l /"
 
 log() {
-  printf '%s\n' "$(date -u '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ') $*"
+  printf '%s\n' "$(date -u '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ') $*" >&2
 }
 
 log_stream() {
@@ -194,11 +194,13 @@ exit_code=$(docker_exec_exit_code "$exec_id")
 
 if [ "$exit_code" = "0" ]; then
   log "command finished successfully"
-  log_stream "output" "$output"
+  # 将纯净的输出打印到 stdout
+  printf '%s' "$output"
   exit 0
 else
   log "command failed with exit code $exit_code"
   log "output from container:"
-  printf '%s\n' "$output"
+  # 将错误输出打印到 stderr
+  printf '%s\n' "$output" >&2
   exit "$exit_code"
 fi
\ No newline at end of file